VALUE-BASED JOURNALISM IN ITS DIVERSE FORMS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Abstract

Journalism has recognized as the fourth pillar of democracy because it holds the power to inform, educate, and hold those in authority accountable. However, journalism can realize its true democratic potential only when it is guided by core values such as truth, impartiality, transparency, accountability, and public interest. It is this value-based form of journalism that elevates the media beyond being a mere medium of information, and transforms it into a “catalyst for social change.”
After discussing the concept, necessity, historical background, principles, challenges, and future prospects of value-based journalism in previous literature, this research paper explores its various forms and expressions.
Value-based journalism is not merely a theoretical concept; it manifests through diverse forms of journalistic practices that embody ethical conduct and responsibility. This paper primarily analyzes the following forms associated with value-based journalism:
1. Constructive Journalism – Presenting a positive and balanced perspective.
2. Solutions Journalism – Reporting not only on problems but also on their possible solutions.
3. Interventive Journalism – Exposing injustice and hidden truths.
4. Investigative Journalism – Deep pursuit of truth and factual revelations.
Peace Journalism – Promoting dialogue and peace in conflict situations.
Although these are distinct branches of journalism, their fundamental objective is the same — to inspire transparent, responsible, and positive change in society beyond the race for sensationalism or TRP- driven content.
The paper also discusses the role and ethical responsibilities of the media in the global and digital era, along with the normative frameworks that lend meaningfulness to value-based journalism.
The study concludes that commercial pressures, political polarization, and technological disruptions have weakened journalistic ethics. Therefore, in the current scenario, value-based journalism has become vital for the very survival of democracy. To restore and reaffirm its relevance, it is essential to strengthen media literacy, ensure transparency, protect press freedom, and adopt solution-oriented and public-centered journalism.